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Cushings syndrom

Cushings syndrom er en sykdom som skyldes overproduksjon av hormonet kortisol, og som fører til omfattende endringer i kroppen. Symptomene er varierte, men økt matlyst, såkalt måneansikt, rødmusset hud, økt hårvekst, og blåflekker er mulige symptomer.

Cushing syndrom: Ved cushings syndrom er det en overproduksjon av kortisol (Bildet viser molekylet kortisol).

Sist oppdatert:

12. des. 2023

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Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Cushings syndrom . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 2015; 386: 913-27. doi:10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)61375-1
  2. Findling JW, Raff H, Aron DC. The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test: A reevaluation in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 1222-6. PubMed
  3. Papanicolaou DA, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB jr. et al. A single midnight serum cortisol measurement distinguishes Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1163-7. PubMed
  4. Yanovski JA, Cutler GB jr., Chrousos GP et al. The dexamethasone-suppressed corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test differentiates mild Cushing's disease from normal physiology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 348-52. PubMed
  5. Valassi e. Clinical presentation and etiology of Cushing's syndrome: data from ERCUSYN. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34: e13114. pmid:35979717 PubMed
  6. Haug E. Spyttprøver til kortisolmåling. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 718. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
  7. Pasquali R, Ambrosi B, Armanini D et al. Cortisol and ACTH response to oral dexamethasone in obesity and effects of sex, body fat distribution, and dexamethasone concentrations: a dose-response study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 166-75. PubMed
  8. Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JL et al. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: Occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 817-20. Annals of Internal Medicine
  9. Nieman LK, Biller BMK, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 2807-31. pmid:26222757 PubMed
  10. Voelker R. New Therapy Offers Direct Cortisol Control for Cushing Disease. JAMA 2020; 323: 1436. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5157 DOI
  11. Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 2006; 367: 1605-17. PubMed
  12. Scaroni C, Mondin A, Ceccato F. How to rule out non-neoplastic hypercortisolemia (previously known as pseudo-cushing). Pituitary 2022; 25: 701-704. pmid:35616760 PubMed
  13. Kelly WF. Psychiatric aspects of Cushing's syndrome. QJM 1996; 89: 543-51. PubMed
  14. Løvås K, Husebye ES. Kortisol i spytt ved sykdom i binyrene Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 730-2. PubMed
  15. Gadelha M, Gatto F, Wildemberg LE, Fleseriu M. Cushing's syndrome. Seminar. Lancet 2023. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01961-X DOI
  16. Wengander S, Trimpou P, Papakokkinou E, Ragnarsson O. The incidence of endogenous Cushing's syndrome in the modern era. Clin Endocrinol 2019; 91: 263-270. pmid:31094003 PubMed
  17. Hakami OS, Ahmed S, Karavitaki N. Epidemiology and mortality of Cushing's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021. pmid:33766428 PubMed
  18. Valassi e. Clinical presentation and etiology of Cushing's syndrome: data from ERCUSYN. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34: e13114. pmid:35979717 PubMed
  19. Holst JM, Horváth-Puhó E, Jensen RB, et al. Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176: 567-574. pmid:28179451 PubMed
  20. Kjellbom A, Lindgren O, Puvaneswaralingam S, et al. Association Between Mortality and Levels of Autonomous Cortisol Secretion by Adrenal Incidentalomas A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2021. pmid:34029490 PubMed
  21. Scaroni C, Mondin A, Ceccato F. How to rule out non-neoplastic hypercortisolemia (previously known as pseudo-cushing). Pituitary 2022; 25: 701-704. pmid:35616760 PubMed
  22. Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M et al. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 647-72. PubMed
  23. Evang JA, Olsen AL. Cushings syndrom, primær utredning. Nasjonal veileder i endokrinologi. Sist oppdatert 30.09.2021. Siden lest 11.12.2023 www.endokrinologi.no
  24. Jing Y, Hu J, Luo R, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med 2022. pmid:36095315 PubMed
  25. Løvås K, Husebye ES. Kortisol i spytt ved sykdom i binyrene Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 730-2. PubMed
  26. Voelker R. New Therapy Offers Direct Cortisol Control for Cushing Disease. JAMA 2020; 323: 1436. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5157 DOI
  27. Gadelha M, Gatto F, Wildemberg LE, Fleseriu M. Cushing's syndrome. Seminar. Lancet 2023. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01961-X DOI
  28. Carroll T, Findling JW. Cushing's syndrome. BestPractice, last updated Aug 01, 2013 .
  29. Wengander S, Trimpou P, Papakokkinou E, Ragnarsson O. The incidence of endogenous Cushing's syndrome in the modern era. Clin Endocrinol 2019; 91: 263-270. pmid:31094003 PubMed
  30. Holst JM, Horváth-Puhó E, Jensen RB, et al. Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176: 567-574. pmid:28179451 PubMed
  31. Kjellbom A, Lindgren O, Puvaneswaralingam S, et al. Association Between Mortality and Levels of Autonomous Cortisol Secretion by Adrenal Incidentalomas A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2021. pmid:34029490 PubMed
  32. Evang JA, Olsen AL. Cushings syndrom, primær utredning. Nasjonal veileder i endokrinologi. Sist oppdatert 30.09.2021. Siden lest 11.12.2023 www.endokrinologi.no
  33. Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M et al. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 647-72. PubMed
  34. Boscaro M, Barzon L, Fallo F et al. Cushing's syndrome. The Lancet 2001; 357: 783-91. The Lancet
  35. Katayama M, Nomura K, Ujihara M et al. Age-dependent decline in cortisol levels and clinical manifestations in patients with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 49: 311-6. PubMed
  36. Lado-Abeal J, Rodriguez-Arnao J, Newell-Price JD et al. Menstrual abnormalities in women with Cushing's disease are correlated with hypercortisolemia rather than raised circulating androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3083-8. PubMed
  37. Kaltsas GA, Korbonits M, Isidori AM et al. How common are polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with Cushing's syndrome? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 53: 493-500. PubMed
  38. Evang JA, Carlsen SM, Svartberg J, et al. Endogent Cushings syndrom. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 599-602. PubMed
  39. Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M33-8. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0464 DOI
  40. Mengden T, Hubmann P, Muller J et al. Urinary free cortisol versus 17-hydroxycorticosteroids: a comparative study of their diagnostic value in Cushing's syndrome. Clin Investig 1992; 70: 545-8. PubMed
  41. Invitti C, Giraldi FP, de Martin M et al. Diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the Pathophysiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 440-8. PubMed
  42. Yaneva M, Mosnier-Pudar H, Dugue MA et al. Midnight salivary cortisol for the initial diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome of various causes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 3345-51. PubMed
  43. Putignano P, Toja P, Dubini A et al. Midnight salivary cortisol versus urinary free and midnight serum cortisol as screening tests for Cushing"s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 4153-7. PubMed
  44. Jing Y, Hu J, Luo R, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med 2022. pmid:36095315 PubMed
  45. Valassi e. Clinical presentation and etiology of Cushing's syndrome: data from ERCUSYN. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34: e13114. pmid:35979717 PubMed
  46. Carroll T, Findling JW. Cushing's syndrome. BestPractice, last updated Aug 01, 2013 .
  47. Wengander S, Trimpou P, Papakokkinou E, Ragnarsson O. The incidence of endogenous Cushing's syndrome in the modern era. Clin Endocrinol 2019; 91: 263-270. pmid:31094003 PubMed
  48. Holst JM, Horváth-Puhó E, Jensen RB, et al. Cushing's syndrome in children and adolescents: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176: 567-574. pmid:28179451 PubMed
  49. Kjellbom A, Lindgren O, Puvaneswaralingam S, et al. Association Between Mortality and Levels of Autonomous Cortisol Secretion by Adrenal Incidentalomas A Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2021. pmid:34029490 PubMed
  50. Evang JA, Olsen AL. Cushings syndrom, primær utredning. Nasjonal veileder i endokrinologi. Sist oppdatert 30.09.2021. Siden lest 11.12.2023 www.endokrinologi.no
  51. Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M et al. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev 1998; 19: 647-72. PubMed
  52. Boscaro M, Barzon L, Fallo F et al. Cushing's syndrome. The Lancet 2001; 357: 783-91. The Lancet
  53. Katayama M, Nomura K, Ujihara M et al. Age-dependent decline in cortisol levels and clinical manifestations in patients with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 49: 311-6. PubMed
  54. Lado-Abeal J, Rodriguez-Arnao J, Newell-Price JD et al. Menstrual abnormalities in women with Cushing's disease are correlated with hypercortisolemia rather than raised circulating androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3083-8. PubMed
  55. Kaltsas GA, Korbonits M, Isidori AM et al. How common are polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovarian syndrome in women with Cushing's syndrome? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 53: 493-500. PubMed
  56. Kelly WF. Psychiatric aspects of Cushing's syndrome. QJM 1996; 89: 543-51. PubMed
  57. Evang JA, Carlsen SM, Svartberg J, et al. Endogent Cushings syndrom. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2006; 126: 599-602. PubMed
  58. Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;173(4):M33-8. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0464 DOI
  59. Mengden T, Hubmann P, Muller J et al. Urinary free cortisol versus 17-hydroxycorticosteroids: a comparative study of their diagnostic value in Cushing's syndrome. Clin Investig 1992; 70: 545-8. PubMed
  60. Invitti C, Giraldi FP, de Martin M et al. Diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. Study Group of the Italian Society of Endocrinology on the Pathophysiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 440-8. PubMed
  61. Yaneva M, Mosnier-Pudar H, Dugue MA et al. Midnight salivary cortisol for the initial diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome of various causes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 3345-51. PubMed
  62. Putignano P, Toja P, Dubini A et al. Midnight salivary cortisol versus urinary free and midnight serum cortisol as screening tests for Cushing"s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 4153-7. PubMed
  63. Findling JW, Raff H, Aron DC. The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test: A reevaluation in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 1222-6. PubMed
  64. Papanicolaou DA, Yanovski JA, Cutler GB jr. et al. A single midnight serum cortisol measurement distinguishes Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1163-7. PubMed
  65. Yanovski JA, Cutler GB jr., Chrousos GP et al. The dexamethasone-suppressed corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test differentiates mild Cushing's disease from normal physiology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 348-52. PubMed
  66. Jing Y, Hu J, Luo R, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Adrenal Tumors in an Unselected Screening Population A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Intern Med 2022. pmid:36095315 PubMed
  67. Haug E. Spyttprøver til kortisolmåling. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 718. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
  68. Pasquali R, Ambrosi B, Armanini D et al. Cortisol and ACTH response to oral dexamethasone in obesity and effects of sex, body fat distribution, and dexamethasone concentrations: a dose-response study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 166-75. PubMed
  69. Hall WA, Luciano MG, Doppman JL et al. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in normal human volunteers: Occult adenomas in the general population. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 817-20. Annals of Internal Medicine
  70. Nieman LK, Biller BMK, Findling JW, et al. Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 2807-31. pmid:26222757 PubMed
  71. Voelker R. New Therapy Offers Direct Cortisol Control for Cushing Disease. JAMA 2020; 323: 1436. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5157 DOI
  72. Newell-Price J, Bertagna X, Grossman AB, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 2006; 367: 1605-17. PubMed
  73. Scaroni C, Mondin A, Ceccato F. How to rule out non-neoplastic hypercortisolemia (previously known as pseudo-cushing). Pituitary 2022; 25: 701-704. pmid:35616760 PubMed
  74. Carroll T, Findling JW. Cushing's syndrome. BestPractice, last updated Aug 01, 2013 .
  75. Haug E. Spyttprøver til kortisolmåling. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2007; 127: 718. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
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