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Hypospadi - urinrør som munner feil

Hypospadi er en medfødt tilstand karakterisert ved et ufullstendig utviklet urinrør (uretra) der urinrørsåpningen (meatus) munner feil og kan befinne seg på ulike steder langs undersiden av penis, pungen (scrotum) eller i skrittet (perineum).

Hypospadi observeres i de fleste tilfeller umiddelbart etter fødselen. Illustrasjonsfoto: Colourbox

Sist oppdatert:

24. mai 2022

Dette dokumentet er basert på det profesjonelle dokumentet Hypospadi . Referanselisten for dette dokumentet vises nedenfor

  1. Viddal KO, Aksnes G. Hypospadi - ikke bare feilplassert urinrørsåpning. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen 2008; 128: 586-8. PubMed
  2. Kraft KH, Shukla AR, Canning DA. Hypospadias. Urol Clin North Am 2010; 37: 167-81. PubMed
  3. Klingenberg C. Hypospadi. Pediatriveileder, nyfødtmedisin. Sist revidert 2021. www.helsebiblioteket.no
  4. Wang MH, Baskin LS. Endocrine disruptores, genital developments and hypospadias. J Androl 2008; 29: 499-505. PubMed
  5. van der Zanden LF, van Rooij IA, Feitz WF. Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18: 206-83. PubMed
  6. Montag S, Palmer LS. Abnormalities of penile curvature: chordee and penile torsion. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 28: 1470-8. PubMed
  7. Mir T, Simpson RL, Hanna MK. The use of tissue expanders for resurfacing of the penis for hypospadias cripples. Urology 2011; 78: 1424-9. PubMed
  8. Rynja SP, de Jong TP, Bosch JL, de Kort LM. Functional, cosmetic and psychosexual results in adult men who underwent hypospadias correction in childhood. J Pediatr Urol 2011; 7: 504-15. PubMed
  9. Wilkinson DJ, Farrelly P, Kenny SE. Outcomes in distal hypospadias: a systematic review of the Mathieu and tubularized incised plate repairs. J Pediatr Urol 2012; 8: 307-12. PubMed
  10. Castagnetti M, El-Ghoneimi A. Surgical management of primary severe hypospadias in children: systematic 20-year review. J Urol 2010; 184: 1469-74. PubMed
  11. Schönbucher VB, Weber DM, Landolt MA. Psychosocial adjustment, health-related quality of life, and psychosexual development of boys with hypospadias: a systematic review. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 33: 520-35. PubMed
  12. Aigrain Y, Cheikhelard A, Lottmann H, Lortat-Jacob S. Hypospadias: surgery and complications. Horm Res Paediatr 2010; 74: 218-22. PubMed
  13. Ching CB, Wood HM, Ross JH, et al. The Cleveland Clinic experience with adult hypospadias patients undergoing repair: their presentation and a new classification system. BJU Int 2011; 107: 1142-6. PubMed
  14. González R, Ludwikowski BM. Importance of urinary flow studies after hypospadias repair: a systematic review. Int J Urol 2011; 18: 757-61. PubMed
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